Understanding Periods (Menstruation)

1. What Is a Period?

2. The Menstrual Cycle Explained

• Average Cycle Length: 21–35 days (28 days is common but not required).
• Hormones Involved: Estrogen and progesterone regulate the cycle.
• Ovulation: An egg is released from the ovary around the middle of the cycle.
• If Pregnancy Does Not Occur: Hormone levels drop, and the uterine lining sheds (period).

3. When Do Periods Start and Stop?

• First Period (Menarche): Usually between ages 9–15.
• Regularity: Periods may be irregular during the first few years.
• Menopause: Periods typically stop between ages 45–55.

4. How Long Does a Period Last?

• Typical Duration: 3–7 days.
• Light or Heavy Days: Flow may vary throughout the period.
• Total Blood Loss: Usually about 30–80 milliliters per cycle.

5. Flow Types

• Light: Minimal bleeding, may only require light protection.
• Moderate: Steady bleeding requiring regular product changes.
• Heavy: Heavier bleeding, may require frequent changes.

6. Common Symptoms

• Abdominal cramps
• Bloating
• Breast tenderness
• Headaches
• Mood changes (PMS – Premenstrual Syndrome)
• Acne
• Fatigue
• Lower back pain

7. Managing Symptoms

• Light exercise (walking, stretching)
• Heating pads for cramps
• Balanced diet and hydration
• Over-the-counter pain relief (if approved by a healthcare provider)
• Getting enough rest

8. Menstrual Hygiene Products

• Pads: Worn inside underwear to absorb flow.
• Tampons: Inserted into the vagina to absorb blood.
• Menstrual Cups: Reusable silicone cups that collect blood.
• Period Underwear: Absorbent underwear designed for menstruation.
• Reusable Cloth Pads: Washable and eco-friendly option.

9. When to See a Doctor

• Periods lasting longer than 8 days
• Severe pain that interferes with daily life
• Very heavy bleeding (soaking through a pad/tampon every hour)
• Missing periods (not pregnant)
• Bleeding between periods

10. Important Notes

• Periods are a normal and healthy part of reproductive health.
• Every person’s cycle is different.
• Tracking periods can help understand patterns and changes.